French Gay ModernismThe first four decades of the twentieth century saw male homosexuality appear in French literature with increasing frequency and boldness. Departing from earlier, more muted presentations, Andr Gide, Marcel Proust, Jean Cocteau, Ren Crevel, Francis Carco, and a host of less famous writers, all created overtly gay characters are gave them increasingly numerous and significant roles. Far from being simply shunned or marginalized, a number of these works