On the Back of the TigerBy: Zlf Livaneli A literary tour de force, this vivid account of an infamous Ottoman sultans life in exile is also a powerful indictment of the hypocrisies of the West, from the internationally bestselling author of Disquiet. Abdlhamid II ruled the Ottoman Empire for thirty three years, from 1876 to 1909, when he was deposed following the Young Turk Revolution and sent into exile in Thessaloniki. Now, more than a century after that fateful night of