Shadow ModernismDuring the early twentieth century, Shanghai was the center of China's new media culture. Described by the modernist writer Mu Shiying as "transplanted from Europe" and paved with shadows, for many of its residents Shanghai was a city without a past paradoxically haunted by the absent pasts traces. In Shadow Modernism William Schaefer traces how photographic practices in Shanghai provided a forum within which to debate culture, ethnicity, history, and